The Grey Blog

Dubai attracts people from all over the world with its career opportunities, international lifestyle and tax advantages. For Nigerians considering a move, the possibility of earning in a stronger currency can be particularly appealing. But how much of that salary will actually be left after paying for everyday life?

The cost of living in Dubai varies considerably depending on where you live, how you get around and your family size. Rent is usually the biggest expense, followed by groceries, transport, utilities and, for families, schooling.

A single person might spend AED 5,000 to AED 10,000 per month, including rent, while a family of four could need AED 15,000 to AED 30,000 or more. These are planning estimates rather than fixed costs, and your actual budget will depend heavily on your housing choices and lifestyle.

Here's a closer look at what you can expect to spend each month, from finding an apartment to managing your money and sending some of your earnings back home.

Average monthly cost of living in Dubai

There's no single answer to how much you need to live in Dubai. You could share an apartment, take the metro to work and keep your monthly spending fairly modest. Or you could rent your own place in Dubai Marina, drive everywhere and enjoy the city's restaurant scene. Naturally, those two lifestyles come with very different price tags.

To help you work out where your budget might fall, here's a look at typical monthly expenses for a single person and a family of four.

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These are approximate monthly costs converted from AED to USD. Actual expenses vary depending on location, lifestyle and household needs.

For a rough USD comparison, AED 1,000 is approximately $272, based on the UAE dirham's longstanding peg to the US dollar. This is a general conversion guide, not a live exchange rate.

What does this mean for your salary?

If you're moving to Dubai for a job paying AED 8,000 per month, renting a private apartment in an expensive neighbourhood could leave very little room for savings. Sharing accommodation or living farther from the city centre might make that salary more comfortable.

Someone earning AED 15,000 could have greater flexibility, although the amount left over will still depend on rent, lifestyle and financial responsibilities.

For families, the calculation becomes more complicated. School fees, larger homes and additional healthcare costs can quickly change what initially looks like a generous salary.

It's also important to consider the expenses involved in relocating. You may need money for a rental deposit, agency fees, furniture, transport and setting up utilities before receiving your first salary.

The official Dubai government portal provides information about residency, housing and everyday services that can help you prepare.

If you're considering staying in the UAE long term, you may also want to read about the UAE Golden Visa and the residency options available to eligible professionals and investors.

Rent and housing in Dubai

Housing will probably take the largest share of your monthly budget. The difference between renting a studio in an older residential neighbourhood and a waterfront apartment in Dubai Marina can amount to thousands of dirhams every month.

Dubai's rental market offers everything from shared rooms and compact studios to large villas in gated communities. Your choice will depend on your salary, workplace location, family needs and how much you're prepared to spend commuting.

How much is rent in Dubai?

Rent is likely to take up the biggest share of your monthly budget in Dubai, and prices can vary significantly between neighbourhoods. To give you a better idea of what to expect, here's a comparison of typical monthly rents for studios, one-bedroom and three-bedroom apartments in three popular areas, with prices in USD.

These are general costs for one person and may vary depending on your lifestyle and location.

Deira is one of Dubai's older, more established neighbourhoods. It offers access to shops, public transport and a variety of relatively affordable housing options. For newcomers working in central or older commercial districts, it can be a practical starting point.

Jumeirah Village Circle, commonly called JVC, attracts residents looking for newer apartments at prices that may be lower than those in premium waterfront locations. However, commuting can be less convenient without a car, depending on your building and workplace.

Dubai Marina offers a very different experience, with waterfront restaurants, modern residential towers and access to beaches and entertainment. That lifestyle comes with higher housing costs.

Renting alone or sharing accommodation

For someone moving to Dubai on a modest salary, shared accommodation can make a significant difference.

Instead of paying AED 5,000 for an entire apartment, you might rent a private room in a shared flat for considerably less. Prices depend on the neighbourhood, room size and facilities.

Before agreeing to share, check that the arrangement complies with local housing and occupancy regulations. You should also confirm exactly which bills are included in the rent.

Another detail worth knowing is that rent in Dubai is often advertised annually, even though people discuss their budgets monthly.

Landlords may request payment through one or several cheques rather than twelve equal monthly payments. That means you could need a substantial amount of money upfront, even if your monthly salary comfortably covers the annual rent.

You should also budget for a security deposit, possible agency fees, Ejari registration and utility connection charges.

For this reason, it's worth having enough savings to cover your first few months before relocating.

Bills, food and transport: everyday life expenses in Dubai

Beyond rent, your regular expenses will include electricity, water, internet, groceries and transport. These costs are easier to control than housing, but small lifestyle choices can still make a noticeable difference to your monthly budget.

For example, cooking most meals at home and using public transport could save you hundreds of dirhams compared with ordering food frequently and relying on taxis.

Utilities, internet and mobile plans

Dubai's climate makes air conditioning essential for much of the year, which means electricity bills can rise considerably during the hotter months.

Electricity and water services are provided by the Dubai Electricity and Water Authority (DEWA). The amount you pay depends on your consumption, property size and applicable housing charges.

Here's a rough guide to common monthly expenses:

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These are general costs for one person and may vary depending on your lifestyle and location.

When comparing apartments, ask whether the building uses a separate district cooling system. Some properties have additional cooling charges that aren't included in the regular DEWA bill.

Groceries in Dubai typically cost around $250 to $450 per month for one person, depending on shopping habits and food preferences. Supermarkets such as Carrefour and Lulu offer affordable everyday essentials, while imported products, including some Nigerian ingredients, can be more expensive. Eating out varies considerably, with simple meals costing around $10 to $15 and mid-range restaurants charging $20 to $40 per person.

Beyond food, entertainment expenses depend on your lifestyle, with cinema trips, beach clubs and other paid activities adding to your monthly budget. Dubai also has plenty of free options, including public beaches, parks and community events. Cooking at home, comparing supermarket prices and choosing affordable activities can help keep your spending under control.

Getting around Dubai

Transport is another important consideration when calculating the living cost in UAE Dubai, particularly if your workplace is far from your accommodation.

Dubai has a public transport network that includes the metro, buses and trams. You can pay for journeys using a Nol card, with fares depending on the zones travelled and ticket type.

If you use public transport for a regular commute, budgeting approximately AED 150 to AED 350 per month is a reasonable starting point, although longer journeys and additional connections may cost more.

Taxis are convenient, especially during the hotter months, but using them daily can increase your transport expenses considerably.

Owning a car introduces additional costs, including fuel, insurance, registration, parking, maintenance and possible financing payments.

For someone living alone, choosing accommodation near a metro station could reduce the need for a car. Families, particularly those living farther from public transport routes, may find driving more practical.

If you regularly make purchases in foreign currencies, it's also worth understanding how to avoid foreign transaction fees when using your card for online purchases, travel or international subscriptions.

Schooling and healthcare in Dubai

If you're moving with children, schooling and healthcare deserve their own place in your budget. These expenses can be substantial, and they aren't always covered by the benefits offered in an employment contract.

How much do schools cost in Dubai?

Dubai has a large private education sector, with schools offering British, American, Indian, International Baccalaureate and other curricula.

Fees vary significantly depending on the school, curriculum, facilities and year group.

For budgeting purposes, annual tuition might fall into the following broad ranges:

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These ranges are indicative rather than official school fee quotations. Some schools charge outside these bands.

For a family with two children, school fees could become the second-largest household expense after rent.

It's also important to remember that tuition isn't the only cost. Uniforms, books, transport, school meals, extracurricular activities and registration fees may be charged separately.

Before accepting a job offer, check whether your employer provides an education allowance. Some companies offer benefits that cover part of their employees' children's school fees.

If you're comparing schools, look at the total annual cost rather than tuition alone. You should also consider the school's location, as a long daily journey could increase transport costs and affect your family's routine.

Healthcare and health insurance

Health insurance is an essential part of living in Dubai.

Employers are generally responsible for arranging mandatory health insurance for their employees in Dubai. However, the level of coverage can vary, and dependants may need separate arrangements.

Before relocating, ask your employer what the insurance policy includes, particularly regarding hospital visits, specialist consultations, prescription medicines and maternity care.

For families, it's worth checking whether your spouse and children are covered and whether there are additional premiums or out-of-pocket expenses.

Private healthcare can be expensive without suitable insurance. Even with coverage, you may still need to pay consultation fees, deductibles or co-payments.

If you take regular medication or have specific healthcare needs, check whether your prescriptions and preferred healthcare providers are included in the insurance network.

Other costs to consider before moving

Monthly budgets are useful, but they don't capture every expense involved in relocating.

You may need to pay for document attestation, medical tests, residency processing, flights and temporary accommodation. Depending on your employment arrangement, some of these costs may be covered by your employer.

Setting up your home can also require a substantial initial investment, especially if you're renting an unfurnished apartment.

For Nigerians moving to Dubai, keeping some money available in both AED and NGN can be useful during the transition. You may still have financial responsibilities in Nigeria while paying for your new life in the UAE.

It's worth building an initial relocation budget separately from your regular monthly expenses so you don't underestimate how much money you'll need before settling in.

Managing money and sending it home from Dubai

Moving to Dubai can change how you earn, spend and save money, particularly if you continue supporting family members in Nigeria or working with clients in other countries.

You might receive your salary in AED, pay international subscriptions in USD, save in another currency and send money home regularly.

Keeping track of those transactions matters because exchange rates and transfer fees can affect how much money you actually have available.

Managing money across different currencies

If you earn in AED but have expenses in USD, GBP or EUR, converting money every time you need to make an international payment can become costly.

One way to organise your finances is to separate the money you need for everyday expenses from the money you intend to save or use internationally.

For example, you could keep enough AED in your local bank account for rent, groceries and transport while managing eligible foreign-currency payments through a separate account.

Grey offers multi-currency accounts that can help eligible users hold and send multiple currencies, including USD, GBP and EUR.

This can be useful if you work with international clients, receive payments from abroad or regularly manage expenses in different currencies.

However, Grey's available services, funding methods and transfer routes depend on your country of residence and account eligibility. You should confirm which features are supported for UAE residents before relying on them.

Sending money from Dubai to Nigeria

If you're supporting family members back home, remittances may be one of your most important monthly expenses.

Imagine you earn AED 12,000 per month and plan to send the equivalent of AED 1,500 to Nigeria.

That transfer should be included in your budget alongside rent, groceries and transport. Otherwise, you might overestimate how much money you can spend or save.

When comparing international transfer services, look beyond the advertised transfer fee.

The exchange rate matters just as much. A service might charge a small upfront fee but offer a less favourable exchange rate, reducing the amount your recipient receives.

It's also worth checking the expected delivery time, supported payout methods and any transfer limits.

Grey provides information about options to send money from the UAE, including its UAE-to-Nigeria money transfer route.

Before initiating a transfer, check the current availability, applicable fees and payout options for your account.

Building a realistic budget in Dubai

Once you understand your regular expenses, you can start deciding how much of your salary to allocate to spending, savings and financial responsibilities abroad.

For example, someone earning AED 12,000 (approximately $3,300)per month might organise their budget as follows:

This is an illustrative budget, not a recommendation that everyone should follow the same percentages.

Someone sharing accommodation might be able to save more. A person with children, a car or higher rent could have considerably less money available after paying their bills.

The important thing is to calculate your budget using the amount you actually receive, including any applicable deductions, and account for financial commitments in both countries.

You should also leave room for unexpected expenses. Medical costs, travel, family emergencies and annual payments can affect your finances even when your regular monthly spending seems predictable.

Dubai offers plenty of opportunities to earn and build an international career, but the amount you can save depends on how your income compares with your actual living expenses.

Before accepting a job offer, compare the salary with realistic housing costs, transport options, employer benefits and any financial responsibilities you have back home.

That will give you a much clearer picture of the lifestyle you can afford.

Manage money in Dubai with Grey and organise your international finances with access to eligible multi-currency account services.

Frequently asked questions about the cost of living in Dubai

How much does it cost to live in Dubai per month?

A single person might need approximately AED 5,000 to AED 10,000 per month, including rent, while a family of four could spend AED 15,000 to AED 30,000 or more. The actual amount depends on accommodation, transport, schooling and lifestyle choices. Sharing accommodation and using public transport can help reduce expenses.

How much is rent in Dubai?

Rent varies considerably by neighbourhood and property size. A studio apartment might cost AED 2,500 to AED 7,500 per month, while a one-bedroom apartment could range from AED 3,500 to AED 11,000 in the areas covered in this guide. Larger family homes can cost considerably more. These are illustrative monthly equivalents, and actual rental prices change over time.

Is Dubai tax-free?

Dubai does not generally impose personal income tax on employment salaries, which is one reason it attracts international workers. However, that doesn't mean everything is tax-free. The UAE applies a 5% VAT to many goods and services, and other taxes or charges can apply depending on the activity. Personal tax obligations in another country may also depend on your tax residency and circumstances.

How much does a family need to live comfortably in Dubai?

A family of four might budget AED 15,000 to AED 30,000 or more per month for a reasonably comfortable lifestyle. Housing, school fees and transport are usually among the largest expenses. Families with employer-provided accommodation, education allowances or health insurance may need less income to cover their regular expenses.

Is Dubai expensive compared with Nigeria?

Dubai is generally more expensive than many Nigerian cities when comparing rent, schooling and everyday expenses in nominal terms. However, salaries, purchasing power and available benefits can also differ considerably. If you're relocating from Nigeria, compare your expected Dubai salary with your projected monthly expenses rather than looking at prices alone.

How do I send money home from Dubai?

You can send money from Dubai through banks and authorised international money transfer providers that support transfers to your destination country. Before choosing a provider, compare exchange rates, fees, delivery times and payout options. If you're sending money to Nigeria, check that the service supports your preferred recipient bank or payment method and the currency you want your recipient to receive.

Dual citizenship allows you to be a legal citizen of two countries at the same time. It can give you more freedom to live, work and travel, but it also comes with responsibilities that may affect your finances, legal status and personal choices.

Before applying for a second nationality, it is important to understand the potential downsides of dual citizenship. You may need to file tax returns in both countries, meet military service obligations or follow different laws depending on where you live. You could also face limits on consular assistance while in your other country of citizenship.

In some cases, holding two nationalities can make it difficult to renounce one later. Certain countries also restrict dual citizenship or may withdraw your original nationality when you acquire another. Understanding these rules before making a decision helps you weigh the benefits against the possible risks and avoid unexpected legal or financial complications.

Does dual citizenship mean paying tax twice?

Dual citizenship taxes can be confusing because you may have tax obligations in both countries. Filing two tax returns is common, but paying tax twice on the same income usually is not. Whether you owe taxes in both countries depends on the tax laws of both countries, where you live, where your income comes from, and your citizenship status. Some countries tax residents on worldwide income, while others also tax citizens living abroad.

Tax treaties between countries can help reduce double taxation. These agreements may determine which country has the primary right to tax certain income or allow you to claim relief for taxes paid elsewhere. However, not every country has a tax treaty with every other country, and the rules differ by agreement. A treaty may reduce your tax burden without removing every filing requirement.

If you are a US citizen living abroad, the foreign earned income exclusion may allow you to exclude qualifying foreign-earned income from US federal income tax if you meet specific requirements. It does not automatically eliminate all US tax obligations. Before making decisions, check the rules in both countries and consult a qualified tax professional for guidance on your circumstances.

Which countries do not allow dual citizenship?

Countries have different rules on dual citizenship, with some prohibiting it altogether or withdrawing nationality when citizens voluntarily acquire another citizenship. Here are some countries that do not allow dual citizenship or impose restrictions on it:

China

China does not recognise dual nationality under its Nationality Law. Chinese citizens who voluntarily settle abroad and acquire foreign nationality may automatically lose Chinese nationality. However, the application of this rule depends on legal circumstances, so verify current requirements before pursuing another citizenship.

India

India does not permit full dual citizenship. Indian citizens who voluntarily acquire another country’s citizenship generally lose Indian citizenship and must surrender their Indian passport. The Overseas Citizen of India (OCI) scheme offers eligible foreign citizens of Indian origin certain benefits, but it is not citizenship.

Japan

Japan generally requires people with multiple nationalities to choose one nationality under its Nationality Act. Those who acquire another nationality voluntarily may lose Japanese nationality. People who hold dual nationality from birth face a nationality-selection requirement, with deadlines and procedures depending on their circumstances.

Singapore

Singapore generally prohibits adult citizens from holding dual citizenship. People who acquire Singapore citizenship may need to renounce their foreign nationality, while Singapore citizens who voluntarily acquire another nationality risk losing Singapore citizenship. Rules for minors differ, so check official requirements before making citizenship decisions.

Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia restricts dual nationality. Saudi citizens generally require prior permission to acquire another nationality, and obtaining foreign citizenship without approval may lead to loss of Saudi citizenship under applicable law. The consequences depend on individual circumstances, so confirm current rules with Saudi authorities before applying.

Also read: How to receive international freelance payments in Saudi Arabia

Austria

Austria generally withdraws Austrian citizenship when a citizen voluntarily acquires another nationality, unless they obtain permission to retain Austrian citizenship beforehand. Exceptions may apply in specific circumstances, including certain cases involving citizenship by birth. Always check the legal requirements before pursuing naturalisation in another country.

Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan does not recognise dual citizenship under its nationality laws. Citizens who acquire another nationality are generally required to report it and surrender their Kazakh documents within the applicable period. Failure to comply may result in penalties, so confirm the current reporting and citizenship-loss rules with official authorities.

What consular protection do you lose?

Consular protection is assistance your government provides when you encounter problems abroad, such as arrest, illness, lost travel documents or an emergency. If you hold dual citizenship, you may expect both countries to help you when something goes wrong. However, your ability to receive assistance from one country can be limited when you are inside the other country where you are also a citizen.

For example, if you are a dual citizen of the United States and Nigeria and face arrest while in Nigeria, US officials may be unable to intervene on your behalf. Nigerian authorities may treat you solely as a Nigerian citizen and may not recognise your American nationality. This can limit access to US consular assistance, including visits or representations to local authorities.

These restrictions do not mean you lose all consular protection whenever you travel. Your options depend on the countries involved, their laws and any applicable agreements. Before travelling, check your government’s guidance on dual nationality, local laws and emergency contacts so you understand what support may be available.

Military service and other civic obligations

Dual citizenship can bring legal responsibilities in both countries, even when you live permanently in one. Depending on each country’s laws, you may be required to complete military service, respond to jury duty summons or meet compulsory voting requirements while living abroad.

Military conscription can be particularly important if one of your countries requires eligible citizens to serve in its armed forces. Some countries provide exemptions, deferments or alternative service arrangements, but these depend on factors such as your age, residency and circumstances. Jury duty and voting obligations also vary, and some countries allow citizens overseas to fulfil these duties remotely or qualify for exemptions.

Ignoring a legal obligation may lead to fines, travel restrictions, difficulties renewing documents or other penalties, depending on the country and the specific law. Before acquiring a second nationality, check the civic duties attached to both citizenships. Understanding these requirements can help you avoid unexpected obligations when travelling, relocating or returning to either country.

Also read: D7 visa Portugal: Requirements and how to apply

How hard is it to renounce citizenship?

Renouncing citizenship is not always straightforward. The process depends on the country’s laws, and you may need to apply through an embassy or consulate, attend an appointment, submit original documents and prove that you hold another nationality. Some countries will not allow you to renounce citizenship if doing so would leave you stateless.

Fees and waiting times vary considerably. You may pay an application or administrative fee, cover document certification and translation costs, and wait several months or longer for approval. In some cases, additional checks or incomplete paperwork can delay the process.

Tax obligations can make renunciation more complicated. For example, the United States generally requires certain citizens who renounce their nationality to complete final tax filings, and some may face an expatriation tax if they meet specific criteria. Other countries may impose outstanding tax obligations or departure-related requirements, depending on their laws. Renouncing citizenship does not automatically erase unpaid taxes or other liabilities. Before proceeding, check the official requirements of your country and consider seeking qualified legal or tax advice.

Frequently asked questions

1. Do dual citizens pay tax in both countries?

Yes, dual citizens may have tax obligations in both countries, depending on residency, citizenship and income sources. The United States taxes citizens on worldwide income, even when they live abroad. Tax treaties and foreign tax credits can help reduce double taxation, although filing requirements may still apply.

2. Which countries ban dual citizenship?

Countries such as China, India, Japan and Singapore restrict or generally prohibit dual citizenship under specific circumstances. Saudi Arabia, Austria, Kazakhstan and Indonesia also impose restrictions. However, rules and exceptions vary, so check each country’s current nationality laws before applying for another citizenship.

3. Can you lose your original citizenship automatically?

Yes, some countries may withdraw your original citizenship when you voluntarily acquire another nationality. India generally ends Indian citizenship upon voluntary acquisition of foreign citizenship, while China does not recognise dual nationality and applies specific rules to citizens who settle abroad and acquire foreign citizenship.

4. Can dual citizens be conscripted?

Yes, dual citizens may face military service obligations in either country, depending on its laws. Requirements can depend on age, residency and nationality status. Some countries have exemptions or agreements to prevent double service, so check the rules before travelling or relocating.

5. Which passport should you travel on?

Dual citizens may need to use a particular country’s passport when entering or leaving that country. For example, US citizens generally must use a US passport to enter and leave the United States. Check both countries’ requirements and use the appropriate passport for international travel.

6. Is it hard to give up a second citizenship?

Renouncing citizenship can involve application fees, official documents, interviews and waiting periods. US citizens must generally complete an in-person renunciation appointment and may have tax filing obligations, including potential expatriation tax. Other countries have different procedures, so confirm the requirements before beginning.

Managing money across borders becomes easier when you have the right tools. With Grey, you can send money internationally, including transfers from the US to Canada, while holding and managing multiple currencies. Whether you’re travelling, working remotely or receiving payments from abroad, Grey helps you manage international payments and access your money across borders with greater convenience and flexibility.

The UAE Golden Visa offers long-term residency to investors, entrepreneurs, skilled professionals and individuals with exceptional talent who want to live and build their future in the United Arab Emirates. Depending on the eligibility category, the visa is typically valid for five or ten years and can be renewed.

Unlike standard residency permits, the UAE Golden Visa allows eligible holders to live, work and study in the country without requiring a national sponsor. It also offers greater flexibility for individuals seeking long-term stability, career opportunities and business growth in the UAE.

Eligibility depends on factors such as professional qualifications, salary, investment value, business ownership or recognised achievements. Applicants must meet the specific requirements for their chosen category and provide supporting documents.

The application process generally involves identifying the appropriate eligibility route, gathering the required documents and submitting an application through the relevant UAE government authority or approved channel.

Understanding the eligibility criteria, documentation requirements and application process can help prospective applicants make informed decisions before applying for the UAE Golden Visa.

What is the UAE Golden Visa?

The UAE Golden Visa is a long-term residence permit introduced by the United Arab Emirates to attract investors, entrepreneurs, skilled professionals, scientists and individuals with exceptional talents. It allows eligible foreign nationals to live in the country and pursue career, business or educational opportunities without needing a traditional national sponsor.

The visa is generally issued for five or ten years, depending on the applicant’s eligibility category and the applicable requirements. It is renewable, provided the holder continues to meet the relevant conditions. The validity period offers greater stability for individuals and families planning to establish long-term roots in the UAE.

One of the key benefits of the UAE Golden Visa is self-sponsored residency. Unlike many standard employment-based residence permits, holders do not need an employer or UAE national to sponsor their residency. This provides greater independence when changing jobs, managing businesses or exploring professional opportunities.

For eligible applicants, the UAE Golden Visa offers more than extended residency. It provides flexibility to build a career, invest, study and plan for the future in one of the Middle East’s leading business and lifestyle destinations, subject to applicable laws and visa conditions.

Who Is Eligible for the UAE Golden Visa?

Your eligibility for the UAE Golden Visa depends on your professional achievements, investments, qualifications or exceptional abilities, with specific requirements for each applicant category.

Investors

Investors may qualify through eligible public investments or real estate investments that meet the UAE’s financial and regulatory requirements. Applicants must provide supporting documents to demonstrate that their investments satisfy the applicable criteria.

Entrepreneurs

Entrepreneurs may qualify through business ownership, approved projects or demonstrated entrepreneurial achievements, depending on the relevant eligibility category. Applicants must meet the applicable conditions and provide evidence of their business activities or project qualifications.

Skilled professionals

Skilled professionals may be eligible based on their occupation, educational qualifications, employment status, salary and other requirements. Eligibility depends on the applicant’s professional category and the relevant government regulations.

Students and graduates

Outstanding students and graduates may qualify based on academic performance, examination results and recognised institutional criteria. Specific requirements apply depending on their educational background and the relevant eligibility pathway.

Exceptional talent

Individuals with exceptional abilities in fields such as science, technology, arts, culture and sports may qualify through relevant approvals. Applicants may need to demonstrate recognised achievements, specialised expertise or professional distinction, depending on their field.

Investment routes and thresholds

The UAE Golden Visa offers long-term residency to eligible investors through property ownership and qualifying capital investments. The minimum investment threshold for these routes is generally AED 2 million, subject to the applicable eligibility criteria and documentation requirements.

Property investment

The property investment route requires real estate with a combined value of at least AED 2 million. Multiple properties may be combined to meet the threshold. Certain off-plan and mortgaged properties may qualify, depending on the emirate and applicable conditions.

Capital and public investments

Investors may qualify by investing at least AED 2 million in an eligible UAE investment fund or qualifying business. An approved bank deposit may also meet the requirements, subject to the relevant regulations and supporting documentation.

The 23 Lakh Rumour

Online claims about a UAE Golden Visa costing approximately ₹23 lakh, or AED 100,000, have caused confusion. This amount should not be mistaken for the standard investment threshold for the Golden Visa. Any offer promising residency at a significantly lower cost should be verified through official UAE government channels before payment.

Also read: How UAE freelancers save on currency exchange with Grey

How to apply for the UAE Golden Visa

Step-by-Step application process

1. Check your eligibility and apply

Choose the appropriate Golden Visa category and submit your application or nomination request through the relevant authority. Upload supporting documents, such as your property title deed, investment evidence or salary certificate, as required.

2. Obtain an entry permit if required

If you are applying from outside the UAE, check whether you need an entry permit to complete the residency process. Eligible applicants may use a six-month multiple-entry permit, subject to approval and applicable rules.

3. Complete your medical fitness test

Once in the UAE, complete the required medical fitness examination at an authorised centre. This typically includes a blood test and chest X-ray.

4. Submit your final application

Provide the remaining documents, including your medical fitness results and proof of health insurance, where required. Pay the applicable fees and wait for the authorities to process your application.

5. Complete biometrics and receive your Emirates ID

Attend your biometrics appointment if required. Once your application is approved, your Emirates ID and Golden Residency will be processed.

Where to apply

You can submit your UAE Golden Visa application online through the relevant government portal or get assistance in person at an authorised service centre.

• ICP: The Federal Authority for Identity, Citizenship, Customs and Port Security handles applications across Abu Dhabi, Sharjah, Ajman, Umm Al Quwain, Ras Al Khaimah and Fujairah.
• GDRFA Dubai: If your application is connected to Dubai, use the General Directorate of Residency and Foreigners Affairs.
• Amer and authorised typing centres: Visit an approved centre in the UAE for help preparing and submitting your application.

Required documents

Prepare the following documents before applying. Additional requirements depend on your eligibility category.

• Valid passport: A clear copy of your passport. Six months' validity is commonly recommended.
• Current visa or status documents: Provide your existing UAE residence visa, visit visa or cancellation documents, as applicable.
• Medical fitness certificate: Submit the certificate issued by an authorised UAE medical centre when required.
• Health insurance: Provide valid UAE health insurance or any alternative documentation permitted for your category.
• Passport photograph: Prepare a recent digital photograph that meets the UAE authorities' specifications, typically with a white background.

Read also: How to open a virtual bank account as a freelancer in the UAE

Money and banking in the UAE

The UAE dirham (AED) is the country’s official currency and is pegged to the US dollar. Understanding money and banking in the UAE helps you manage everyday expenses, receive your salary and plan your finances. Opening a local bank account typically requires identification, residency documents and other information, depending on the bank.

If you manage money across countries, a multi-currency account makes it easier to handle international finances. Grey offers a convenient way to manage multiple currencies, giving you greater flexibility when receiving, holding and moving money across borders.

When you need to send money from the UAE to Nigeria, Grey provides a practical solution for cross-border transfers. Its multicurrency services help simplify international money management, whether you are supporting family, handling personal expenses or managing business payments. With Grey, you can streamline your international finances and make cross-border money transfers more convenient.

Frequently asked questions about the UAE Golden Visa

Who qualifies for the UAE Golden Visa?

Eligible applicants include real estate investors, entrepreneurs, skilled professionals, exceptional talents and outstanding students. Each category has specific financial, academic or professional requirements. Applicants must meet the relevant criteria and provide supporting documents to qualify for long-term UAE residency.

How long is the UAE Golden Visa valid?

The UAE Golden Visa is generally valid for five or ten years, depending on your eligibility category. It can be renewed if you continue to meet the applicable requirements. This long-term residency offers greater stability for professionals, investors and families planning to live in the UAE.

How much do you need to invest?

The minimum investment threshold for qualifying property and capital investment routes is generally AED 2 million. Skilled professionals may qualify through a separate route, subject to salary, qualification and employment requirements, including a monthly salary threshold of AED 30,000 for eligible categories.

Can your family join you?

Yes. Golden Visa holders can sponsor eligible family members, including their spouse and children, subject to applicable requirements. They may also sponsor domestic workers under the relevant rules. This allows families to enjoy greater stability while living together in the UAE.

How do you apply for the UAE Golden Visa?

Applications can be submitted through the relevant government authority, including ICP or GDRFA Dubai, depending on your emirate and category. Prepare your supporting documents, submit the application, complete required medical checks and biometrics, and pay applicable fees.

How can you move money to the UAE?

You can transfer funds to the UAE through international bank transfers or authorised money transfer providers. A local UAE bank account can help manage incoming funds and everyday expenses. Keep supporting documents for larger transfers and comply with applicable banking and anti-money laundering requirements.

Portugal has become an attractive option for people who want to build a life in Europe without relying on a local job offer. For retirees, property owners and others with regular passive income, the Portugal D7 visa offers a way to apply for residency while continuing to support yourself from income earned outside the country.

The Portugal D7 visa is a residency route for non-EU nationals with a stable passive income, such as pensions, rental income or dividends. You must show income at least equal to the Portuguese minimum wage, plus proof of accommodation.

But having enough income is only one part of the application. You also need to understand the documentation, accommodation requirements, application process and what happens after your visa is approved. If you are considering Portugal as your next home, knowing what the D7 visa requires before you apply can help you avoid delays, prepare the right documents and decide whether this residency route fits your circumstances.

Also read: Portugal transfer limits from US banks: Rules explained

What is the D7 visa?

The Portugal D7 visa is a residency visa for non-EU nationals with stable passive income who want to live in Portugal.

Who Can Apply?

The D7 visa is designed for non-EU nationals who can support themselves through regular passive income. Applicants must demonstrate sufficient financial means and provide accommodation evidence, making it suitable for people planning to relocate rather than simply visit Portugal.

Retirees

Retirees are among the most common D7 applicants because pensions can qualify as passive income. Someone receiving a regular pension from another country may use that income to demonstrate financial stability while moving to Portugal for retirement.

Remote-Income Earners

The D7 can also appeal to people earning a regular income from sources outside Portugal. This may include rental properties, investments or other recurring income streams. However, remote workers whose income comes from active employment or freelancing should check whether another Portuguese visa is more appropriate.

The Passive-Income Requirement

The D7 is based on demonstrating reliable financial resources rather than securing a Portuguese job. Applicants generally need to show recurring income, such as pensions, rental income or dividends, alongside sufficient savings to support their stay and meet the visa requirements.

What are the D7 visa requirements for Portugal?

Understanding the Portugal D7 visa requirements gives you a clearer picture of what to prepare before submitting your application, from proving your finances to securing accommodation and meeting the health and character requirements.

• Income: Financial stability is central to the D7 application. You need to demonstrate sufficient regular income or financial resources to support your life in Portugal. For 2026, Portugal’s minimum wage is €920 per month, giving a €11,040 annual reference amount for a single applicant.
• Accommodation: Before applying, arrange a suitable place to live in Portugal. This could be a rental property or a home you own. Your documents should provide evidence of your intended address and show that you have somewhere to live during your stay.
• Health insurance: Appropriate health insurance is another part of the application. Your policy should cover necessary medical expenses, including urgent treatment and potential repatriation. Once you become a resident, different healthcare requirements may apply depending on your circumstances.
• Clean record: Your application also needs to demonstrate good character. This usually means providing a criminal record certificate from your country of nationality or the relevant country of residence, with the required authentication. Portuguese authorities will also check your Portuguese criminal record.

For highly qualified professionals moving to Portugal for work, the EU Blue Card route provides another residency option. The route is designed for skilled workers with an eligible employment offer and comes with specific requirements

Also read: Real budgeting tips for nomads living in Lisbon

How to apply for the Portugal D7 visa

If you are applying for the Portugal D7 visa, following the process in the right order helps you prepare your documents, avoid unnecessary delays and know what to expect at each stage.

1. Gather your documents

Start by preparing proof of income or financial resources, accommodation in Portugal, valid health insurance, a criminal record certificate, your passport and any other supporting documents required. You may also need to have certain documents authenticated or translated before submitting your application.

2. Submit your visa application

Next, submit your D7 visa application through the Portuguese consulate or visa application centre responsible for your country of residence. You will provide your documents, complete the application process and attend an appointment or interview if requested.

3. Travel to Portugal

Once your residence visa is approved, you can travel to Portugal within the validity period shown on your visa. This gives you permission to enter Portugal and complete the next stage of your residency application.

4. Apply for your residence permit

After arriving in Portugal, you will attend your appointment with AIMA and submit the documents required for your residence permit. Once your application is approved, you will receive your Portuguese residence card, allowing you to live in Portugal legally.

Residency, taxes and the path to citizenship

Once you have your D7 residence permit, the focus shifts from getting approved to maintaining your residency and planning for the years ahead. That means understanding renewal dates, how much time you need to spend in Portugal, the route to citizenship and how becoming a tax resident could affect your income.

Renewal timeline

Your D7 journey begins with a two-year residence card, followed by a three-year renewal, provided you continue meeting the residency requirements and maintaining your ties to Portugal. You should also plan around the minimum-stay requirement, especially if you work remotely or are registering as self-employed abroad while living in Portugal.

Minimum stay

A D7 residence permit is intended for people who genuinely live in Portugal, so your travel plans matter. You generally need to spend at least six consecutive months or eight non-consecutive months in Portugal each year. If your work takes you abroad frequently, factor these limits into your plans before choosing this residency route.

Citizenship route

After five years of legal residency, D7 holders may become eligible to apply for Portuguese citizenship, subject to the applicable requirements, including an A2-level Portuguese language test. For someone building a long-term life in Portugal, this can turn the D7 from a temporary relocation decision into a potential pathway towards permanent belonging.

How moving to Portugal can affect your tax residency

Getting a D7 residence permit does not automatically mean every tax obligation is the same; your tax residency depends on your circumstances and time spent in Portugal.

Portugal generally considers factors such as spending more than 183 days in the country or having a home there that indicate an intention to maintain it as your habitual residence. Once you become a tax resident, Portuguese IRS rules can apply to your income, including foreign-source income, subject to applicable exemptions, credits and tax treaties.

Proving income and moving money when preparing for life in Portugal

As you prepare your Portugal D7 Visa application, Grey can help you manage the money side of your move. Its multi-currency account lets you hold and manage different currencies, while giving you access to a euro account for receiving, holding and spending euros once you start settling into Portugal.

You will still need to prove that you have stable funds or a regular income to support yourself. Your bank statements and financial documents should clearly show where your money comes from and that you can cover your living costs. Having a euro account can also make everyday payments in Portugal more straightforward.

Whether you are moving money from the UK to Portugal or the US to Portugal, Grey gives you a way to move funds across currencies without having to juggle multiple accounts. You can convert your money to euros when needed and use your euro balance for expenses such as rent, bills and everyday spending.

Frequently asked questions about Portugal D7 visa

What is the D7 visa?

The D7 visa is a Portuguese residence visa for non-EU citizens who have a stable income or sufficient financial resources. It is commonly associated with passive income, including pensions, investments and rental income, and allows eligible applicants to live in Portugal with their families.

How much income do I need?

The minimum income requirement is linked to Portugal’s minimum wage and currently starts at €920 per month for the main applicant. You need additional funds for dependents. You should also be prepared to demonstrate that your income or savings can support your planned life in Portugal.

Can I work on a D7?

Yes. Although your initial D7 application is based on demonstrating sufficient income or financial resources, holding Portuguese residency allows you to work legally in Portugal. This means you can take up employment, become self-employed or develop a business after your residency has been granted.

How long does it take?

The initial D7 visa process can take around 60 days once your application is submitted, although processing times vary by consulate and individual circumstances. After receiving the visa, you travel to Portugal and complete the required steps to obtain your residence permit.

Does it lead to citizenship?

The D7 can provide a route towards Portuguese citizenship. Under the rules applicable to your application, you may become eligible after meeting the required period of legal residence and other conditions, including Portuguese language requirements. Check the current nationality rules before relying on a specific timeline.

How do I move money to Portugal?

You can transfer money internationally into your Portuguese bank account to support your move and everyday expenses. Grey can also help you move money across currencies, including transfers from the UK or US to Portugal, while its multi-currency account gives you access to a euro balance.

Moving to Europe for work can feel complicated when you are trying to understand which visa, residence permit and eligibility requirements apply to you. The EU Blue Card offers a route for highly qualified non-EU nationals who have the skills and qualifications European employers need.

To qualify for an EU Blue Card, you generally need a recognised university degree or equivalent professional qualification, a qualifying employment contract or job offer, and a salary that meets the required threshold in the EU country where you plan to work. Requirements can vary between countries, so checking the rules for your destination matters before you apply.

The EU Blue Card combines the right to live and work in a participating EU country with a pathway to greater mobility within the EU. Understanding the eligibility criteria, salary requirements and application process can help you decide whether it is the right route for your move.

Also read: Expat living in Germany: Banking, visas and costs

What is the EU Blue Card?

The EU Blue Card is a work and residence permit for highly qualified non-EU nationals who have a qualifying job offer in a participating European Union country. It is designed to attract skilled professionals from outside the EU by giving them the right to live and work in the country where they are employed, provided they meet the required qualifications, salary and employment conditions.

The “highly qualified” requirement generally means you need higher education qualifications, such as a recognised university degree, or qualifying professional skills recognised under the rules of the country where you apply. You also need a binding job offer or employment contract that meets the required salary threshold. Because these thresholds and application requirements vary by country, your eligibility can depend on where you plan to work.

Most EU countries participate in the EU Blue Card scheme, including Germany, France, the Netherlands, Spain and Italy. Denmark and Ireland do not participate, so you need to consider the specific immigration route available in your chosen destination before applying.

Who qualifies for the EU Blue Card?

You may qualify for the EU Blue Card if you are a highly qualified non-EU national with a qualifying job offer in a participating EU country. You generally need higher professional qualifications, a work contract or binding job offer lasting at least six months, and a salary that meets your destination country’s threshold.

A university degree is the most common way to meet the qualification requirement, typically through a recognised higher education programme of at least three years. However, some countries also recognise relevant professional experience as an alternative, particularly for certain occupations such as IT. Your job must also match the qualifications or professional skills you are using to qualify for the card.

There is no single euro salary figure for the whole EU. Under the current rules, each participating country sets its own threshold, generally between 1 and 1.6 times its average gross annual salary. For example, Germany’s 2026 threshold is €50,700, with a lower €45,934.20 threshold for shortage occupations and certain recent graduates.

The Blue Card in Germany

Germany is the largest issuer of EU Blue Cards in Europe, making it an important destination for highly qualified professionals looking to work in the EU. In 2024, Germany issued 56,252 Blue Cards, representing 72% of all cards issued across the EU.

For 2026, the standard salary threshold in Germany is €50,700 gross per year. A lower threshold of €45,934.20 applies to shortage occupations, provided the Federal Employment Agency approves the employment. Recent graduates can also qualify at the lower threshold, while certain IT specialists may qualify without a university degree if they have the required professional experience.

Germany’s shortage occupations include academic STEM professionals, doctors, veterinarians, dentists, pharmacists, nurses and midwives, teachers and educators, as well as certain managers in manufacturing, logistics, ICT and professional services. This means that when searching for German companies that sponsor work visas, your occupation and the salary offered can directly affect your EU Blue Card eligibility.

How to apply for the EU Blue Card step by step

Once you have confirmed that you qualify, the EU Blue Card application usually follows a straightforward sequence, although the exact process depends on the country where you will work.

1. Secure a qualifying job: Get a signed employment contract or binding job offer that meets the required salary threshold and runs for at least six months.
2. Prepare your documents: Gather your valid passport, employment contract, CV, degree certificates, proof of qualifications and health insurance. Your destination country may require foreign documents to be translated, legalised or accompanied by a statement of comparability.
3. Apply for the required visa: If you need an entry visa, submit your application through the relevant embassy or consulate in your country of residence, including your supporting documents and biometrics.
4. Enter your destination country: Once your visa is approved, travel to the country where you will work and complete any required address registration or other local formalities.
5. Apply for your Blue Card: Depending on the country and your circumstances, you may apply before travelling or after arrival. The immigration authority reviews your application and, once approved, issues your biometric EU Blue Card residence permit.

Also read: How to open US, UK and Euro bank accounts in Germany

EU Blue Card benefits and path to permanent residence

The EU Blue Card offers more than permission to work, giving you options for family reunification, mobility across participating EU countries and eventually permanent residence.

Family reunification

Your EU Blue Card can make it easier to bring eligible family members to join you in your destination country. Spouses and dependent children may qualify for residence permits, with specific rights depending on national rules. In many cases, family members can also access employment without needing a separate work permit, helping your household settle more easily.

EU mobility

After legally living in an EU country with an EU Blue Card, you can gain greater mobility within participating EU countries. After 12 months of legal residence in your first member state, you may be able to move to another participating country for highly qualified employment, although you must apply for a new Blue Card under that country’s rules.

Path to permanent residence

The EU Blue Card can also contribute towards long-term residence, although the timeline depends on your circumstances and national rules. Under EU rules, Blue Card holders can generally qualify for EU long-term resident status after five years of continuous legal residence, with periods spent in other participating EU countries potentially counting towards the requirement.

Getting paid in euros and sending money home

Once you start working in Germany, your salary will typically be paid into a German or European bank account in euros. If you regularly move money across borders, opening a euro account can give you a place to receive and hold your earnings before deciding when to convert or transfer them, rather than exchanging everything as soon as you are paid.

Grey can help you manage this money through a multi-currency account where you can receive and hold supported currencies, manage international payments and convert funds when needed. This means your euros can remain available while you decide whether to spend them, convert them or send them elsewhere.

When you are ready to move your money, you can use supported payment routes to send money from Germany or send money to India, depending on the currencies and transfer routes available to you. Whether you are supporting your family, paying expenses abroad or moving your own savings, keeping your money in the currency you receive can give you more control over when you transfer.

Frequently asked questions

What is the EU Blue Card?

The EU Blue Card is a work and residence permit for highly qualified non-EU citizens who want to live and work in participating EU countries. It provides a legal route to employment for professionals who meet the required education, salary and job conditions in their chosen destination.

Who is eligible?

You may qualify as a non-EU professional with a recognised higher education qualification and a qualifying employment contract or binding job offer. In certain cases, particularly for IT professionals, relevant professional experience can replace a traditional degree, depending on the country’s rules.

What salary do I need?

Your salary must meet the threshold set by the country where you will work. Under EU rules, the threshold generally falls between 1.0 and 1.6 times the national average gross annual salary, with lower thresholds potentially applying to shortage occupations and other qualifying groups.

Which countries offer it?

The EU Blue Card is available in 25 EU member states. Denmark and Ireland do not participate in the EU Blue Card scheme, so professionals planning to work there need to explore their separate national work and residence routes instead.

Can my family join me?

Yes. Your eligible family members can generally join you through family reunification procedures, and EU Blue Card rules provide favourable conditions for accompanying family members. Spouses may also have access to employment, although the exact application process and requirements depend on the country where you live.

How do I send money?

Once you are working in Europe, you can send money home through your bank or an international payment platform such as Grey. Grey lets you receive and hold supported currencies in a multi-currency account, manage international payments and choose when to convert your money, giving you greater control over exchange rates and transfers.

International trips come with a longer to-do list than most of us realise.

There are the obvious things, like checking your passport and packing your clothes. Then there are the things you might only remember at the last minute: travel insurance, an adapter, mobile data, copies of your documents or a card that works in another country.

So, instead of trying to keep all of that in your head, use this international travel checklist to work through it before you leave.

It covers your travel documents, health and insurance, packing, phone and connectivity, and money, so you can check each one off as you prepare.

What travel documents do you need for an international trip?

Your passport is the obvious one, but there may be several other documents you need before you can travel.

Start by checking the entry requirements for your destination based on your nationality. Some countries allow visa-free visits, while others require a visa or electronic travel authorisation before arrival. Your passport may also need to remain valid for a certain period beyond your travel dates.

Do this early rather than assuming you can sort everything a few days before your flight. Depending on the destination, getting the right visa or travel authorisation can take time.

Before you travel, check that you have:

• A valid passport
• The visa or travel authorisation required for your destination
• Flight confirmations and your itinerary
• Accommodation confirmations
• Proof of onward or return travel, if required
• Any additional documents requested at immigration
• Digital or paper copies of important documents

It’s a good idea to keep copies of your passport, visa and other important documents somewhere separate from the originals. Having digital copies you can access from another device can also be useful if your phone or physical documents are lost.

If your journey includes a connection in another country, check its transit requirements too. Depending on your nationality and itinerary, you may need additional documentation even if you’re only changing planes.

What health and insurance preparations should you make?

Nobody wants to spend the weeks before a holiday thinking about getting sick. Still, a little preparation here can make a big difference if something does happen while you’re away.

Check the health requirements and recommendations for your destination well before departure. Depending on where you’re travelling, you may need certain vaccinations or proof of vaccination to enter.

The World Health Organization provides travel health information, but you should also check official guidance for your destination and speak to a healthcare professional if you have questions about vaccinations or medication.

Add these to your checklist:

• Check vaccination requirements and recommendations
• Arrange travel insurance
• Pack enough prescription medication for your trip
• Keep medication in its original packaging where possible
• Bring copies of prescriptions or supporting medical documents if needed
• Check whether your medication is restricted at your destination
• Save your travel insurer’s emergency contact details

Travel insurance is also worth arranging before you leave. Policies vary, so check what yours actually covers, particularly medical treatment, cancellations, delays and lost belongings.

If you take prescription medication, don’t assume you can simply buy more when you arrive. Rules around medication vary between countries, and some medicines that are commonly available at home may be controlled elsewhere.

What should you pack for international travel?

Packing depends heavily on where you’re going and what you’ll be doing there, but there are a few essentials that belong on almost every travel checklist for international travel.

Start with what you’ll genuinely use rather than trying to prepare for every possible scenario. Check the weather forecast shortly before you pack and think about your plans for each day. A beach holiday, work trip and week of hiking obviously call for very different suitcases.

For the basics, check off:

• Clothes appropriate for the weather and your plans
• Comfortable shoes
• Toiletries
• Prescription medication
• Phone and other devices
• Chargers and cables
• A travel adapter for your destination
• Headphones
• Reusable water bottle, if useful for your trip
• Any destination-specific essentials

Your carry-on deserves its own mini checklist. Keep anything difficult or expensive to replace with you rather than putting it in checked luggage.

That includes:

• Passport and travel documents
• Wallet and cards
• Phone
• Medication
• Valuables
• Chargers
• A change of clothes and basic toiletries

If your checked bag is delayed, having the essentials with you can make the first day of your trip considerably easier.

And check your airline’s baggage rules before packing. Cabin bag dimensions, weight allowances and restrictions can vary between airlines and ticket types.

How can you stay connected while travelling abroad?

Working out how you’ll get online is much easier before you arrive than after you land and discover your usual mobile plan charges a small fortune for roaming. International roaming is one option, and for short trips it may be convenient. But depending on your mobile provider and destination, it can be expensive.

A local SIM is another option. You can usually buy one at the airport, a mobile shop or convenience store after arrival, although you may need to show identification and physically swap your existing SIM.

If your phone supports it, an eSIM gives you another option. It’s digital, so there’s no physical SIM to insert or remove. You can buy a data plan for your destination and set it up on your phone, sometimes before you even leave home.

Before travelling, check:

• Your mobile provider’s international roaming rates
• If your phone is unlocked
• Which phones support eSIM
• How much data you expect to use
• Coverage at your destination
• That your eSIM or roaming plan is ready before arrival

If you’re an iPhone user, you can also check how to activate an eSIM on iPhone before your trip. It’s worth downloading anything important while you still have reliable Wi-Fi too. Save your boarding passes, accommodation details, maps and transport information offline where possible.

That way, you’re not completely dependent on finding airport Wi-Fi the moment you arrive.

How should you manage money when travelling abroad?

Money deserves a little more planning than simply checking that there’s enough in your bank account.

Before travelling, think about what currency you’ll need, how you’ll pay for everyday purchases and what you’ll do if your main payment method doesn’t work.

Start with:

• Check the local currency at your destination
• Find out how widely cards are accepted
• Check your card’s foreign transaction and currency conversion fees
• Make sure your card can be used internationally
• Have a backup payment method
• Keep a small amount of local cash if useful
• Check ATM fees and withdrawal limits
• Avoid keeping all your cards and cash in the same place

Having a card that works abroad can make everyday spending easier, particularly if you’re travelling between countries or paying in different currencies.

It can also be useful to hold multiple currencies rather than converting money every time you need to make a payment. With Grey, you can hold supported currencies in your account and use your Grey Card for international payments.

Before paying, always check which currency you’re being charged in. Some shops, hotels and ATMs may offer to convert the transaction into your home currency. The rate offered may differ from the rate your card provider would use, so check the amount and conversion before accepting it.

Your card can also be useful before the trip itself. From booking activities to paying on international sites, having an international payment method gives you more flexibility when arranging things in advance.

It’s still sensible to travel with a backup. Keep another card or some emergency cash somewhere separate from your main wallet so one lost wallet doesn’t leave you without access to money.

Your international travel checklist before you leave

A few days before your trip, do one final run-through.

• Passport is valid and packed
• Visa or travel authorisation is approved
• Flights and accommodation are confirmed
• Important documents are saved offline
• Travel insurance is active
• Medication is packed
• Clothes and essentials are ready
• Travel adapter and chargers are packed
• Roaming, SIM or eSIM is sorted
• Offline maps and important information are downloaded
• Your main card works internationally
• You have a backup way to access money
• You have any local cash you want to carry

You don’t need to prepare for every possible thing that could happen while you’re away. The aim is simply to take care of the things you can sort in advance, so you’re not trying to solve them from an airport terminal or hotel lobby.

Frequently asked questions about preparing for international travel

What should be on an international travel checklist?

Your international travel checklist should cover your passport and other travel documents, visas, health requirements, travel insurance, medication, clothing, chargers and adapters, phone connectivity and how you’ll access and spend money abroad.

You can also add destination-specific items based on the weather, activities you have planned and local entry requirements.

What documents do I need for international travel?

At a minimum, you’ll need a valid passport. Depending on your nationality and destination, you may also need a visa or travel authorisation, proof of accommodation, a return or onward ticket and other supporting documents.

Always check the official entry requirements for your destination before travelling.

Should I get travel insurance for an international trip?

Travel insurance can help cover unexpected costs related to medical treatment, cancellations, delays, lost luggage and other problems, depending on your policy.

Read the terms carefully before buying so you know exactly what is and isn’t covered.

How do I get mobile data abroad?

You can use international roaming from your existing mobile provider, buy a physical SIM at your destination or use an eSIM if your phone supports one.

Compare the cost, data allowance and coverage of each option before choosing.

What is the best way to spend money abroad?

The best option depends on your destination and how you prefer to pay. A card that supports international payments can be useful for everyday purchases, while a small amount of local cash can help in places where cards aren’t accepted.

It’s also a good idea to have a backup payment method and check any currency conversion or international transaction fees before travelling.

How early should I prepare for an international trip?

Start checking passport validity, visa requirements and vaccinations as soon as you know where you’re travelling, as some applications and health preparations can take weeks or longer. Packing, connectivity and spending arrangements can usually be handled closer to departure, but sorting them a few days in advance gives you time to fix any problems.

With the practical details taken care of, there’s one less thing competing for your attention when your trip begins.

Get a Grey virtual card before you travel and have a way to pay when you’re abroad.

A Canadian job offer can be the first real step towards working and living in Canada, but not every employer is prepared to hire someone who needs immigration support. Knowing which companies regularly recruit international workers can save you time and help you focus your applications on employers with a realistic pathway to sponsorship.

Large employers and organisations across technology, healthcare, construction, agriculture, manufacturing and hospitality hire foreign workers frequently, especially for roles they struggle to fill locally. Depending on the position, an employer may need a Labour Market Impact Assessment (LMIA) before you can apply for a work permit. Other jobs can qualify through different immigration programmes without an LMIA. This guide highlights Canadian employers worth checking, what types of workers they hire and what to look for before applying.

Also read: How to register as self-employed in the UK and US

How Canadian work visa sponsorship works

A Canadian job offer does not automatically give you the right to work in Canada. For many employer-specific work permits, the process starts with an employer deciding that it needs to hire someone from outside Canada. In most cases, the employer must obtain a Labour Market Impact Assessment (LMIA), which confirms that there is a genuine need for a foreign worker and that suitable Canadians or permanent residents were not available.

The employer handles the LMIA process where one is required and, once approved, gives you the positive LMIA, job offer and employment contract needed for your work permit application. You then apply to Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) and must meet the requirements for the permit and the job.

Not every job needs an LMIA. Some positions qualify for an exemption under Canada's International Mobility Program or another specific pathway, where the employer submits an offer through the Employer Portal instead.

Express Entry is a separate route to permanent residence for skilled workers. A job offer can still matter for eligibility in some programmes, although Canada removed CRS points for job offers from 25 March 2025

Which Canadian companies sponsor work visas?

The companies below operate in sectors where Canada regularly recruits international talent. However, sponsorship is not automatic: whether a company can support your work permit depends on the specific vacancy, location, employer requirements and immigration programme. Always check the individual job posting and the employer’s current hiring policy before applying.

Technology

• Google Canada: Software development, artificial intelligence and data science roles can attract international candidates, particularly where specialised technical skills are required.
• Amazon Canada: Opportunities span cloud computing, software engineering, logistics technology and systems architecture across its Canadian operations.
• Microsoft Canada: Technical roles in software, cloud services, research and enterprise technology can appeal to experienced international professionals.

Healthcare

• Alberta Health Services: A major healthcare employer recruiting internationally for roles including registered nurses, physicians and other healthcare professionals.
• Ontario Health: Supports Ontario’s healthcare system, with opportunities across nursing, clinical and specialised healthcare positions.
• Vancouver Coastal Health: Offers roles across hospitals, community care and allied health services in British Columbia.

Trades and construction

• PCL Construction: Large infrastructure and building projects create opportunities for experienced construction professionals, supervisors and project managers.
• EllisDon: Employs workers across construction, infrastructure and specialised trades on major Canadian projects.
• Magna International: Automotive manufacturing creates demand for skilled technicians, mechanics, engineers and production specialists.

Agriculture

• Cargill Canada: Its food and agricultural operations create opportunities across processing, production, maintenance and agricultural supply chains.
• Maple Leaf Foods: Food production facilities recruit for manufacturing, processing, maintenance and operations roles.
• Highline Produce: Agricultural operations provide opportunities in farming, food production and seasonal agricultural work.

Hospitality

• Fairmont Hotels & Resorts: International applicants may find opportunities across culinary, hotel operations, management and guest services.
• Marriott Canada: Hotel properties recruit across hospitality management, food service, housekeeping and guest-facing positions.
• Holiday Inn Express: Individual Canadian properties may recruit internationally for hospitality and operational roles where local labour shortages exist.

Also read: How to send Canadian dollars (CAD) to Canada with Grey

Which industries in Canada are most likely to sponsor foreign workers?

Canada’s strongest sponsorship opportunities tend to appear in industries where employers struggle to find enough qualified workers locally. The exact route still depends on the job, employer and immigration programme, but these sectors are worth watching closely when searching for sponsored roles.

Healthcare

Canada’s ageing population continues to increase demand for healthcare workers, creating opportunities for international professionals.

Qualifying roles include:

• Registered nurses
• Physicians
• Home care aides
• Medical laboratory technicians

Technology

Canada’s growing digital economy has increased demand for specialised technical skills, particularly in areas where employers face talent shortages.

Qualifying roles include:

• Software engineers
• Data scientists
• Cybersecurity analysts
• Cloud architects

Trades and construction

Housing, infrastructure and commercial development continue to create demand for skilled tradespeople across Canada.

Qualifying roles include:

• Industrial electricians
• Structural welders
• Commercial carpenters
• Heavy machinery mechanics

Agriculture

Farms and food-processing businesses can struggle to recruit locally, particularly for seasonal work and positions in rural areas.

Qualifying roles include:

• Agricultural mechanics
• Food processing workers
• Farm supervisors
• Harvesting workers

Hospitality

Hotels, restaurants and tourism businesses often experience high staff turnover, particularly in busy tourism destinations.

Qualifying roles include:

• Executive chefs
• Restaurant supervisors
• Hotel operations managers

How to apply for a Canadian job with visa sponsorship

• Finding listings: Search Canada’s Job Bank for employers hiring temporary foreign workers and look specifically for roles where international candidates are considered. An LMIA is not guaranteed simply because a company appears on a sponsorship list.
• Fix your CV: Keep your CV clear and tailored to the Canadian job description. Highlight relevant experience, qualifications, licences and measurable achievements, and make sure your claims match the role you are applying for.
• Get the offer: Once selected, the employer handles the LMIA where required. After receiving a positive LMIA, you should receive the LMIA number, job offer and employment contract needed for your work permit application.
• Prepare documents: Expect to provide your résumé, work references, proof of experience, qualifications, identification and other documents from your personalised IRCC checklist. Regulated jobs may also require licences or certifications.
• Apply and wait: Submit your work permit application to IRCC after receiving the required employer documents. Processing times vary; June 2026 LMIA averages ranged from 9 days for the Global Talent Stream to 79 days for high-wage applications.

How to get paid in Canadian dollars and send money home

Most Canadian employers pay salaries through payroll, with your wages deposited directly into a Canadian bank account in CAD. For example, if your monthly salary is CAD 5,000, that money arrives in your account as Canadian dollars, ready for rent, bills and everyday spending.

A multi-currency account such as Grey can be useful when you need to move some of your money into another currency. Grey lets you hold and convert supported currencies from one account, so you can move CAD into USD, EUR or another supported currency when needed. You can convert currencies at mid-market rates with Grey.

For Nigerians working in Canada, the process can be much simpler when it is time to send money home. You can use Grey to send money to Canada at competitive prices, rather than converting your Canadian dollars into another currency first and then converting again into naira. This can help avoid unnecessary conversion costs.

Frequently asked questions

What is an LMIA?

A Labour Market Impact Assessment (LMIA) is a government assessment that helps determine whether hiring a foreign worker will positively affect Canada’s labour market. A positive LMIA confirms that no Canadian worker was available and the employer needs foreign talent.

Do I need a job offer first?

For most employer-specific work permits, yes. If your position requires an LMIA, you need a Canadian employer, job offer and positive LMIA before applying for the work permit. Some LMIA-exempt routes work differently and require an employment contract and offer number instead.

Which companies sponsor foreign workers?

Canadian employers in healthcare, technology, construction, agriculture and hospitality commonly recruit internationally where skills are difficult to find locally. Companies such as Google Canada, Amazon Canada, Alberta Health Services and PCL Construction are worth researching, but sponsorship depends on the specific vacancy.

How long does the process take?

There is no single timeline because LMIA and work-permit processing are separate stages. In June 2026, average LMIA processing ranged from 9 business days for Global Talent Stream applications to 79 days for high-wage applications. Work-permit processing then depends on IRCC.

Can I bring my family?

Your spouse or partner and eligible dependent children may be able to apply alongside you, depending on their circumstances and your work permit. Family members have separate eligibility requirements, and some may qualify for an open work permit.

How do I send money home from Canada?

Once you are earning in Canada, Grey can help you manage supported currencies and send money internationally. For Nigeria, you can convert supported funds into NGN and send naira directly to a Nigerian bank account through Grey

India’s banking system has a structured framework for non-residents, built around three specific account types: NRE, NRO, and FCNR. Each serves a different purpose, holds currency differently, and comes with different tax and repatriation rules.

For those who can’t easily open a resident Indian account, whether tourists, short-stay visitors, or freelancers earning internationally, understanding how freelancers in India receive international payments without a local account is often a more practical starting point.

This guide covers who qualifies for which account, what documents you need, how to open one from overseas, and what to do if the Indian banking system isn’t accessible to your specific situation.

Can a foreigner open a bank account in India?

Yes, but the type of account you can open depends on your status.

India’s banking rules, governed by the Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA) and administered by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), draw a clear line between residents and non-residents. Your residency status determines which accounts are available to you, what currency they hold, and how freely you can move money in and out.

Non-Resident Indians (NRIs) are Indian citizens who live outside India for more than 182 days in a financial year. They can open NRE, NRO, and FCNR accounts.

Overseas Citizens of India (OCIs) hold a special status that gives them most of the banking rights of NRIs. OCIs can open NRE, NRO, and in some cases FCNR accounts at most major Indian banks.

Foreign nationals of non-Indian origin face more restrictions. They generally cannot open NRE accounts, which are reserved for those of Indian origin. They can typically open NRO accounts if they have legitimate India-sourced income, or resident accounts if they are living in India on a long-term visa (employment, student, business).

If you are not an NRI or OCI, you typically need a work visa or business visa to open a resident account. Tourists and short-stay visitors have a specific, limited option covered in the section below.

One critical compliance point: under India’s FEMA regulations, once you become an NRI you are not permitted to keep an ordinary resident savings account. It must be converted to an NRO account or closed.

Types of Indian bank accounts for non-residents: NRE, NRO, and FCNR

India’s RBI has established three types of non-resident deposit accounts. Each serves a different function. Understanding the difference before you apply saves significant paperwork and avoids compliance mistakes later.

NRE accounts are ideal for repatriable foreign savings. NRO accounts are for India-sourced income. FCNR accounts are for holding dollar savings with no foreign exchange risk. Most NRIs end up with a combination: an NRE and NRO pair (very common), and an FCNR deposit if they want currency protection.

One common mistake worth naming explicitly: income earned in India, such as rent, dividends, or pension, cannot be credited to an NRE account. This is a frequent error. Such income must go into an NRO account.

What documents do you need to open a bank account in India?

The document requirements vary by account type and your specific status, but the core requirements are consistent across major Indian banks.

For NRIs and OCIs opening NRE or NRO accounts:

• Valid passport (Indian passport for NRIs; foreign passport for OCIs)
• OCI card or PIO card (for OCIs and Persons of Indian Origin)
• Proof of NRI or OCI status
• Proof of overseas address: a utility bill, bank statement, or official document from your country of residence, typically dated within 90 days
• Passport-size photographs (two to four, depending on the bank)
• PAN card or Form 60 (PAN is required for most account operations and is strongly recommended)
• Visa copy (where applicable)

For foreign nationals opening NRO accounts:

• Valid passport
• Valid visa (tourist, employment, or business, depending on circumstances)
• FRRO registration certificate, where required (foreigners staying more than 14 days on certain visa types must register with the Foreigners Regional Registration Office)
• Proof of Indian address or overseas address
• PAN card (required for transactions above INR 50,000)

Practical notes on documentation:

Indian banks are thorough in their KYC (Know Your Customer) requirements. Bring originals and multiple self-attested photocopies of every document. Incomplete submissions are the primary reason account applications are delayed or rejected. Some banks accept applications and documents by post or courier for NRIs opening accounts from abroad; others require either an in-person visit to an Indian branch or an in-person visit to an overseas representative office of the bank.

How to open an Indian bank account from overseas: step by step

Many major Indian banks allow NRIs and OCIs to begin the account opening process from abroad, though the extent to which the full process can be completed remotely varies by bank.

1. Choose your account type. Decide whether you need an NRE, NRO, or FCNR account based on the nature of your India-related income and whether you need full repatriation. For most NRIs starting out, an NRE account is the first account to open, with an NRO account added if you have India-sourced income.
2. Choose your bank. Major Indian banks with strong NRI services include State Bank of India (SBI), HDFC Bank, ICICI Bank, and Axis Bank. HDFC and ICICI are frequently cited for their digital onboarding capabilities and NRI-dedicated customer service teams. SBI has the broadest branch network globally through its overseas offices.
3. Gather your documents. Compile passport, visa or OCI card, overseas address proof, PAN card, and photographs. Have originals ready, and prepare multiple self-attested photocopies.
4. Begin the application. ICICI and HDFC both offer online application forms for NRI accounts that can be started from outside India. You will typically fill in personal and financial details, upload document scans, and then submit physical originals by courier to the bank’s NRI processing centre.
5. Complete KYC verification. Some banks accept in-person verification at their overseas representative offices or partner banks. Others require a visit to an Indian branch, which many NRIs complete during a trip to India. NRI accounts typically take 1 to 3 weeks to open once the full documentation is submitted.
6. Fund the account. For NRE accounts, fund by remitting foreign currency from your overseas bank account. The bank converts the amount to INR at the prevailing rate. For NRO accounts, fund via foreign remittance or by crediting India-sourced income.
7. Set up UPI and internet banking. Once the account is active, link it to UPI for local payments in India. The RBI now allows NRIs from select countries to use UPI with international SIM cards, which is useful for payments during visits to India.

Can a tourist or visitor open a bank account in India?

Yes, but with significant restrictions.

Foreign tourists during their short visit to India can open a Non-Resident (Ordinary) Rupee (NRO) account at any bank dealing in foreign exchange. Such an account is valid for a maximum period of six months.

Funds remitted from outside India through banking channels, or obtained by the sale of foreign exchange brought by the tourist to India, can be credited to this account. Tourists can freely make local payments through the NRO account, with all payments to residents exceeding INR 50,000 required to be made by cheque, pay order, or demand draft.

Banks can convert the balance in the account into foreign currency for payment to the account holder at the time of departure from India, provided the account has been maintained for no more than six months and has not been credited with any local funds other than interest. If the account runs beyond six months, repatriation requires an application to the RBI’s Foreign Exchange Department.

For most tourists and short-stay visitors, this level of complexity outweighs the benefit of a temporary Indian bank account. Practical alternatives for tourists include carrying foreign currency cash, using an international debit card, or maintaining a multi-currency account that allows local spending in INR without needing a local bank relationship.

Can US citizens, NRIs, and OCIs open bank accounts in India?

US citizens

A US citizen can open a bank account in India, but the process depends on their India-related status and residency. A US citizen who qualifies as an NRI (Indian citizenship, living outside India) opens an NRE or NRO account as an NRI. A US citizen who is an OCI holder opens accounts on OCI terms. A US citizen with no Indian origin who lives in India on a long-term visa can open a resident account.

US citizens face an additional layer: FATCA (Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act) reporting requirements. Indian banks are required to collect FATCA declarations from US citizens and report account details to the US Internal Revenue Service. This doesn’t prevent account opening, but it means US citizens should be prepared for additional compliance paperwork and should consult a US tax advisor familiar with foreign account reporting requirements (FBAR and Form 8938) before opening accounts.

NRIs

NRIs have the most straightforward path: NRE and NRO accounts are specifically designed for them. Most major Indian banks have dedicated NRI banking divisions. The primary compliance obligation is ensuring that the correct account type is used for the correct income type, and that resident accounts are converted to NRO accounts if an Indian resident becomes an NRI.

OCIs

OCIs can open all types of accounts available to NRIs, including NRE, NRO, and, in most cases, FCNR accounts. OCI holders returning to live in India convert their NRI accounts to resident accounts on repatriation, and reconvert when they leave again.

One important OCI note from RBI guidance: an OCI who becomes resident in India must redesignate or convert their NRE, NRO, or FCNR accounts to resident account types as applicable.

What if you cannot open a resident account? Use a multi-currency account

Not everyone who needs to receive, hold, or spend money connected to India can easily open an Indian bank account. Tourists on short visits, foreign nationals without Indian origin, freelancers receiving payments from Indian or international clients, and non-residents who want to avoid the documentation complexity of NRE/NRO accounts all face practical barriers.

For these situations, a multi-currency account provides a working alternative that doesn’t require Indian residency, Indian documentation, or FEMA compliance overhead.

Grey provides USD, EUR, and GBP accounts with local banking details, allowing users to receive international payments without needing an Indian bank account at all. For freelancers based in India receiving USD from US clients, the ability to provide a US ACH routing number and account number to clients means payments arrive as domestic US transfers, without international wire fees or SWIFT deductions. For a full breakdown of how this works, see our guide on safe ways to receive international payments in India.

For non-residents who need foreign currency accounts with local banking details in USD, EUR, or GBP, rather than Indian rupee accounts, you can open a multi-currency account that provides those details without requiring Indian residency. You hold balances in foreign currency, convert when you choose at a rate shown before confirmation, and withdraw to your preferred bank account.

Grey’s deposit fee via ACH, SEPA, or Faster Payments is 0.8%, capped at $10/€10/£10. Currency conversion is charged at 1%, capped at $6. There are no monthly maintenance fees. For a guide to opening US, UK, and euro accounts that work for India-based users, see our article on opening US, UK, and euro accounts in India.

Frequently asked questions

What is the minimum balance required for an NRE or NRO account in India?

Minimum balance requirements vary by bank and account type. At SBI, the minimum average monthly balance for an NRE savings account is typically INR 3,000 for non-metro branches and INR 10,000 for metro and urban branches. HDFC and ICICI Bank generally require higher minimum balances for NRI accounts, ranging from INR 10,000 to INR 25,000, depending on account type and branch location. Always confirm current minimum balance requirements directly with the bank before opening, as these figures change.

What is the difference between an NRE and an NRO account?

An NRE account holds rupees funded by foreign earnings remitted to India, is fully and freely repatriable, and earns tax-free interest in India. An NRO account holds rupees and is primarily for managing income earned within India, such as rent, dividends, or pension. NRO interest is taxable, and TDS applies. Repatriation from an NRO account is permitted up to USD 1 million per financial year with documentation (Forms 15CA and 15CB). Most NRIs hold both an NRE account for foreign savings and an NRO account for Indian income.

Can I open an Indian bank account remotely without visiting India?

Partially. Several major Indian banks, including HDFC and ICICI, allow NRIs and OCIs to begin the application process online from outside India. However, full KYC completion often requires either submitting physical documents by courier to the bank’s NRI processing centre, in-person verification at an overseas bank representative office, or a visit to an Indian branch during a trip to India. A fully digital, non-in-person account opening that is accepted across all Indian banks is not consistently available for non-residents as of 2026.

Can a foreign company open a bank account in India?

Yes, but through a different regulatory framework. Foreign companies operating in India, whether as a branch, liaison office, or subsidiary, can open current accounts with Indian banks subject to RBI approval and FEMA compliance. The documentation requirements are more extensive than for individual accounts and typically involve corporate registration documents, board resolutions, and, in some cases, RBI or FIPB approval, depending on the nature of the business activity.

Can an Indian resident open a foreign bank account?

Yes, under the Liberalised Remittance Scheme (LRS). Indian residents can remit up to USD 250,000 per financial year outside India for permitted purposes, including opening and maintaining foreign bank accounts, investments, education, and travel. Amounts above USD 7 lakh in a financial year attract Tax Collected at Source (TCS) of 20% on the excess, which can be claimed as a credit against tax liability. For a detailed breakdown of how LRS works, see the RBI’s official LRS guidelines at rbi.org.in.

Do I need a PAN card to open a bank account in India as a non-resident?

A PAN card is not mandatory to open an account, but is strongly recommended and practically necessary for most account operations. Transactions above INR 50,000 typically require a PAN. Interest earned on NRO accounts is subject to TDS, and filing for treaty benefits or refunds requires a PAN. NRIs and OCIs can apply for a PAN card by submitting Form 49A along with a passport, overseas address proof, and a photograph. Applications can be submitted online through the Income Tax Department portal at incometax.gov.in or through authorised PAN service centres.

Can I open an NRI account if I hold dual citizenship?

India does not permit dual citizenship. The OCI (Overseas Citizen of India) status is the closest equivalent for those who have taken foreign citizenship. OCI holders can open NRE and NRO accounts on the same terms as NRIs. Persons who have renounced Indian citizenship but hold OCI status retain full NRI banking access. If you are a Person of Indian Origin (PIO) without OCI status, most banks still allow NRO account opening, and some extend NRE account access as well: confirm with your specific bank before applying.

Compare your options and open a multi-currency account with Grey today at grey.co/foreign-accounts.

The American Dream still represents a unique opportunity for many skilled professionals across the world to build a better life for themselves and their families with grit and talent. Stricter visa restrictions over the last few years have made this dream less realistic, but still very much possible with the right information.

The H-1B is a US work visa that lets employers hire foreign professionals in speciality occupations. Many large technology, consulting and finance firms sponsor thousands of H-1B petitions each year, including Amazon, Google, Microsoft and the major consulting groups. You need a qualifying job offer from a sponsoring employer to apply.

For Nigerian professionals and other international workers, the H-1B route is the most widely used pathway to working in the United States. Getting there requires a job offer from a company willing to file a petition on your behalf. This guide explains how the process works, which companies are the most active sponsors, and what to expect once you are earning in USD.

How the H-1B visa works

The H-1B visa is a non-immigrant work visa that allows U.S. employers to temporarily hire foreign professionals in “speciality occupations” that require highly specialised knowledge and at least a bachelor's degree. Common examples include software engineering, data science, financial analysis, medicine, engineering, and accounting.

How the process works:

• You receive a job offer from a US employer
• The employer submits a Labour Condition Application (LCA) to the Department of Labor and confirms that they will pay you at least the prevailing wage for the role.
• The employer submits an H-1B petition to the US Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) for you.
• If selected and approved, you attend a visa interview at a US embassy or consulate before travelling to the United States.

The H-1B lottery

Congress sets a cap of 65,000 new regular H-1B visas every fiscal year. There is an additional 20,000 slots for people with a US master's degree or higher. Because the demand for H-1B visas is much higher than this number, USCIS run this annual lottery. Applications for the following fiscal year (which begins October 1) are typically submitted in March, with the lottery conducted electronically. Only selected petitions proceed to adjudication.

Cap-exempt employers

Some employers are exempt from the annual H-1B cap. These include:

• Universities
• Non-profit research organisations
• Government research institutions

These employers can sponsor H-1B workers year-round without entering the lottery.

How long does the process take?

The lottery process usually takes about 7 to 12 months, from registration in March to approval and resuming work in October. The process can take longer if the USCIS requires additional review or evidence.

51 US companies that sponsor H-1B visas

The companies below are among the largest H-1B sponsors based on publicly available data from the US Department of Labour’s Labour Condition Application (LCA). Sponsorship levels vary by role, hiring needs, and year, so always check the company's careers page before applying.

Technology

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Consulting and IT services

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Finance and banking

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Healthcare and pharmaceuticals

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Engineering, automotive and aerospace

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E-commerce and digital platforms

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This list is based on publicly available LCA disclosure data. Sponsorship availability changes each year. Always check the company's careers page and confirm their current sponsorship policy before applying.

Industries and roles most likely to be sponsored

Getting a sponsored job is easier in some sectors than others because those sectors require specialised skills or face shortages of professionals. Here are the industries and roles that are more likely to get sponsored:

• Technology: Software engineering, data science, machine learning, and cloud architecture account for the majority of all H-1B petitions. US companies in every sector, not just tech firms, hire internationally for these roles.
• Consulting: Large management consulting and IT services firms file large numbers of H-1B petitions annually. Indian IT services companies, including TCS, Infosys, Cognizant, and Wipro, have historically been the top filers by volume.
• Finance: Quantitative analysts, risk managers, financial engineers, and technology specialists at banks and asset management firms are regularly sponsored.
• Healthcare: Doctors, nurses with specialist qualifications, and research scientists at hospitals and pharmaceutical companies can access sponsorship. Healthcare roles often have additional state-specific licensing requirements.
• Engineering: Aerospace, mechanical, and electrical engineers at companies with government contracts are frequently sponsored, though security clearance requirements can restrict eligibility for non-US nationals in some roles.

How to find and land a sponsored H-1B role

If you're looking for a sponsored H-1B role, here’s how to go about it:

Step 1: Research employers that already sponsor H-1B visas

The US Department of Labor keeps Labor Condition Application data. It is a database where you can search for companies that regularly sponsor international workers. You can search by employer, job title, salary, and location to see recent H-1B activity.

Step 2: Target companies hiring your skills

Search LinkedIn, Indeed, company careers pages, and industry job boards. Many employers clearly state whether they provide H-1B sponsorship or visa support.

Step 3: Tailor your application to the US style

US resumes (CVs) are usually one or two pages. They don’t include photos, dates of birth, or marital status. Focus on measurable achievements and relevant technical skills. Make it clear you are eligible and interested in visa sponsorship. Mentioning it briefly in a cover letter is fine.

Step 4: Apply in Q4 the year before you want to start

If you plan to start work on 1 October, you should begin applying several months before the March H-1B registration period. Early applications give employers enough time to complete the sponsorship process.

Step 5: Receive the job offer

Once you are hired, the employer prepares and files the Labour Condition Application and H-1B petition with USCIS. Your role is to provide documents, including your degree certificates, transcripts, and employment history.

Step 6: Attend your visa interview

If USCIS approves your petition, schedule a visa interview at the US embassy or consulate in your country. Bring all requested documents and be prepared to discuss your employer, role, qualifications, and work experience.

Getting paid in USD and sending money home

US salaries are paid in USD, usually every two weeks. The payment is made directly by bank transfer to your US bank account. So, you need to set up your bank account as soon as you touch down.

Opening a US bank account

Opening a bank account is one of the first things you'll need to do after arriving in the US. Most banks require:

• Your passport
• Your visa
• Proof of address
• A Social Security Number (SSN)

If you haven't received your SSN yet, some banks may allow you to open an account using your passport and immigration documents, or an Individual Taxpayer Identification Number (ITIN). Many employers also help international employees set up their bank accounts during onboarding.

Sending money home

Once you are earning in USD, you will likely want to send money to family in Nigeria or elsewhere. Standard bank wire transfers from US banks are expensive. International wire fees cost about $25 to $50 per transfer. The money goes through one or more banks that charge a handling fee. And then when the money lands in your loved one’s account, there are conversion margins of 1%-3%. So, if you send $1,000 to your loved ones, they might end up receiving less than $950 in their local currency while you rack up extra fees.

Using a multi-currency account is a better idea. You can manage USD, EUR, and GBP in one place, send money internationally at lower fees, and convert at disclosed rates.

Whether you're relocating to the US or already working there, Grey helps you manage your USD, send money home, and make international transfers at transparent exchange rates. Open a USD account with Grey to manage your US income. You can then send money between Nigeria and the US at transparent rates with fees shown before you confirm. If your family sends money to you, you can also receive it via Grey. You can receive and send money from the US to many other countries through the same account.

Moving to the US for work? Send money home with Grey at low fees and transparent rates, all while managing multiple currencies in one place.

Frequently asked questions about the H-1B visa sponsor

Which companies sponsor the most H-1B visas?

Based on publicly available LCA disclosure data, the companies that have historically filed the most H-1B petitions include Amazon, Google, Microsoft, Infosys, TCS, Cognizant, Meta, Accenture, and Apple. IT services companies and large technology firms dominate the top of the list by petition volume each year.

Do I need a job offer before I can apply for an H-1B?

Yes. The H-1B is an employer-sponsored visa. You cannot apply independently. You need a job offer from a US employer willing to file an H-1B petition on your behalf. The employer, not the individual, initiates the process.

What is the H-1B cap?

Congress sets an annual cap of 65,000 H-1B visas, plus 20,000 additional visas for applicants with a US master's degree or higher. Because demand typically exceeds supply, USCIS conducts an annual electronic lottery in March. Only selected petitions proceed to adjudication. Cap-exempt employers, including universities and non-profit research organisations, can file outside the lottery at any time.

Can I bring my family on an H-4 visa?

Yes. Spouses and dependent children under 21 can accompany an H-1B holder on an H-4 visa. H-4 spouses of certain H-1B holders who are pursuing permanent residency are eligible to apply for work authorisation (H-4 EAD), though this has been subject to policy changes over the years. Confirm current H-4 EAD eligibility with an immigration lawyer.

How long is an H-1B valid?

An initial H-1B petition is approved for up to three years, with one extension possible for a further three years, for a total of six years. Further extensions beyond six years are available if a permanent residency (green card) application has been filed and is pending.

How do I send money home from the US?

Grey allows you to send money from the US to Nigeria and many other countries at transparent rates. The amount your recipient will receive in their local currency is shown before you confirm the transfer. Transfers are initiated from your Grey USD balance after receiving your salary.

A transit visa is a short-term permit that lets you pass through a country on the way to your final destination. It is needed when your route requires you to enter that country's territory or, in some cases, simply change planes there. Whether you need one depends on your nationality, the airport, and how long you stop.

It can be the difference between a smooth connection and an unexpected travel disruption, especially when a journey involves a long layover, airport change or entry into the country.

Understanding how transit visas work helps you plan better, avoid last-minute surprises and keep your journey moving. From quick connections lasting a few hours to short stays of several days, knowing the requirements can make international travel far easier.

Also read: How to avoid international roaming charges

What is a transit visa?

A transit visa is a short-term travel permission that allows you to pass through a country while travelling to another destination. It is mainly used when you have a connecting flight, need to change airports or must enter a country briefly before continuing your journey.

Unlike a tourist visa, which allows you to visit a country for holidays, sightseeing or leisure activities, a transit visa is only for passing through. It does not usually allow you to explore the country, work or stay for an extended period.

The validity of a transit visa depends on the country issuing it and your travel route. Some are valid for only a few hours during an airport connection, while others may allow stays of several days before you continue to your final destination.

Airport transit visa vs transit visa: What is the difference?

The main difference between an airport transit visa and a transit visa is whether you need to pass through immigration during your connection. An airport transit visa allows you to remain inside the international transit area of an airport without officially entering the country. It is commonly required when changing flights in certain countries, even if you do not leave the airport.

A transit visa, on the other hand, allows you to enter the country temporarily before continuing your journey. You may need one if you have to collect and recheck luggage, change airports, leave the airport during a long layover or stay overnight outside the transit area.

For example, a passenger connecting through France without leaving the airport may need an airport transit visa, while someone travelling between two airports in the same country may require a transit visa.

Factors that determine if you need a transit visa

Find out if your journey requires a transit visa based on your passport, route, connection time and travel plans.

Passport nationality

Your citizenship plays a major role in visa requirements. Some nationalities can transit freely, while others need approval before connecting through certain countries.

Transit rules

Each country has different immigration policies for connecting passengers. Always check the official government website for the latest transit visa requirements before travelling.

Airside or landside

Staying inside the airport transit area may not require a visa, but passing through immigration, collecting baggage or leaving the airport often changes the requirements.

Layover length

Short airport connections may qualify for visa-free transit, while longer stops or overnight stays can require additional permission depending on the country and route.

Also read: What is a redress number? TSA redress explained for frequent travellers

Which countries require a transit visa?

Many countries require transit visas, depending on your nationality, travel route, and airport of connection. Popular examples include the United States, which requires a C-1 transit visa for certain travellers, and Canada, which may require a transit visa for eligible passengers connecting through the country.

Other destinations such as the United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand have specific transit visa rules, even for travellers who remain inside the airport. In Europe, countries like Germany, France and Switzerland apply Schengen airport transit requirements for certain nationalities. Meanwhile, countries such as China and Japan offer visa-free transit options for eligible travellers who meet conditions, including holding confirmed tickets to a third destination.

Steps to apply for a transit visa

Check requirements

Visit the official embassy or immigration website to confirm whether you need a transit visa, eligibility rules, required documents and application procedures for your travel route.

Complete application

Fill out the transit visa application form accurately with your personal details, passport information, travel plans and connection details to avoid unnecessary delays.

Prepare documents

Provide essential documents such as your valid passport, onward flight tickets, visa for your final destination, travel itinerary, accommodation details and supporting financial evidence.

Submit application

Submit your completed application through the embassy, consulate, online portal or approved visa centre, depending on the transit country’s official application process and requirements.

Pay fees

Pay the required transit visa application fee using the accepted payment method. Fees vary by country, nationality and processing service used during your application.

Track approval

Processing times vary by country and application. Monitor your application status, respond to requests quickly and ensure approval before travelling to avoid connection issues.

How long is a transit visa valid?

A transit visa is designed for short stays, with validity periods usually ranging from a few hours to several days, depending on the country and your travel circumstances. Some countries issue visas that allow a single entry, while others may provide multiple-entry options for travellers making repeated connections.

For example, the United States C-1 transit visa allows eligible travellers to pass through the country, while Canada’s transit visa can cover short connections for qualifying passengers. In Europe, Schengen airport transit visas issued by countries such as Germany and France are typically limited to airport transfers for specific nationalities.

For tight connections, booking flights on a single ticket can reduce complications. If delays occur, you need to change terminals or pass through immigration. Having the correct transit visa ensures you can continue your journey without unnecessary disruption.

Frequently asked questions

Do I need a transit visa if I do not leave the airport?

Usually, travellers who remain inside the airport’s international transit area do not need a transit visa. However, requirements depend on your nationality and route. Countries such as the United States and Canada have stricter rules, and some passengers may need transit approval even without leaving the airport.

How long can I stay on a transit visa?

The validity of a transit visa depends on the country issuing it and the purpose of your connection. Most transit visas allow short stays, usually ranging from 24 hours to several days. Some countries may offer longer periods, but they are generally limited to completing your onward journey.

Is a transit visa the same as a layover?

No, a layover and a transit visa are not the same thing. A layover refers to the waiting period between connecting flights, while a transit visa is a legal document that allows you to pass through a country during your journey.

How much does a transit visa cost?

Transit visa fees vary depending on the country, your nationality and the type of application required. Some countries offer free transit options for eligible travellers, while others charge fees ranging from a small processing fee to around $100 or more.

Can I be refused boarding without one?

Yes, airlines can refuse boarding if you do not have the required transit visa or travel documents. Carriers check passenger requirements before departure because they may face penalties, fines or responsibility for returning passengers who cannot enter or transit through another country.

Where do I check if I need one?

The safest way to confirm transit visa requirements is to check official government immigration websites, embassy pages, or trusted travel resources like the IATA Travel Centre. Always verify requirements before departure, as rules can change based on nationality, route and travel conditions.

As you move through different countries, having access to your money makes travelling easier. Beyond visa requirements, you may need to pay for meals, transport, shopping or other travel expenses during your journey. With the Grey virtual card, you can make payments while abroad wherever Visa is accepted, giving you more flexibility on the go. Open an account or download the app before you travel.